- Conventional — derrick is vertical
- Slant — derrick is slanted at a 45 degree angle to facilitate horizontal drilling
Thursday, October 27, 2011
Drilling rig classification-By position of derrick
Drilling rig classification-By position of derrick
Drilling rig classification-By method of rotation or drilling method
Drilling rig classification-By method of rotation or drilling method
- No-rotation includes direct push rigs and most service rigs
- Rotary table — rotation is achieved by turning a square or hexagonal pipe (the "Kelly") at drill floor level.
- Top drive — rotation and circulation is done at the top of the drill string, on a motor that moves in a track along the derrick.
- Sonic — uses primarily vibratory energy to advance the drill string
- Hammer — uses rotation and percussive force (see Down-the-hole drill)
Drilling rig classification-By height
Drilling rig classification-By height
(All rigs drill with only a single pipe. Rigs are differentiated by how many connected pipe they are able to "stand" in the derrick when needing to temporarily remove the drill pipe from the hole. Typically this is done when changing a drill bit or when "logging" the well.)
(All rigs drill with only a single pipe. Rigs are differentiated by how many connected pipe they are able to "stand" in the derrick when needing to temporarily remove the drill pipe from the hole. Typically this is done when changing a drill bit or when "logging" the well.)
- Single — can pull only single drill pipes. The presence or absence of vertical pipe racking "fingers" varies from rig to rig.
- Double — can hold a stand of pipe in the derrick consisting of two connected drill pipes, called a "double stand".
- Triple — can hold a stand of pipe in the derrick consisting of three connected drill pipes, called a "triple stand".
Drilling rig classification-By pipe used
Drilling rig classification-By pipe used
- Cable — a cable is used to raise and drop the drill bit
- Conventional — uses metal or plastic drill pipe of varying types
- Coil tubing — uses a giant coil of tube and a downhole drilling motor
Drilling rig classification-By power used
Drilling rig classification-By power used
- Mechanical — the rig uses torque converters, clutches, and transmissions powered by its own engines, often diesel
- Electric — the major items of machinery are driven by electric motors, usually with power generated on-site using internal combustion engines
- Hydraulic — the rig primarily uses hydraulic power
- Pneumatic — the rig is primarily powered by pressurized air
- Steam — the rig uses steam-powered engines and pumps (obsolete after middle of 20th Century)
Mobile drilling rigs
Mobile drilling rigs
In early oil exploration, drilling rigs were semi-permanent in nature and the derricks were often built on site and left in place after the completion of the well. In more recent times drilling rigs are expensive custom-built machines that can be moved from well to well. Some light duty drilling rigs are like a mobile crane and are more usually used to drill water wells. Larger land rigs must be broken apart into sections and loads to move to a new place, a process which can often take weeks.
Small mobile drilling rigs are also used to drill or bore piles. Rigs can range from 100 ton continuous flight auger (CFA) rigs to small air powered rigs used to drill holes in quarries, etc. These rigs use the same technology and equipment as the oil drilling rigs, just on a smaller scale.
The drilling mechanisms outlined below differ mechanically in terms of the machinery used, but also in terms of the method by which drill cuttings are removed from the cutting face of the drill and returned to surface.
In early oil exploration, drilling rigs were semi-permanent in nature and the derricks were often built on site and left in place after the completion of the well. In more recent times drilling rigs are expensive custom-built machines that can be moved from well to well. Some light duty drilling rigs are like a mobile crane and are more usually used to drill water wells. Larger land rigs must be broken apart into sections and loads to move to a new place, a process which can often take weeks.
Small mobile drilling rigs are also used to drill or bore piles. Rigs can range from 100 ton continuous flight auger (CFA) rigs to small air powered rigs used to drill holes in quarries, etc. These rigs use the same technology and equipment as the oil drilling rigs, just on a smaller scale.
The drilling mechanisms outlined below differ mechanically in terms of the machinery used, but also in terms of the method by which drill cuttings are removed from the cutting face of the drill and returned to surface.
Water well drilling
Water well drilling
New portable drillcat technology uses smaller portable trailer mounted rigs with shorter 10 foot (3.0 m) drill pipe. DIY users and missionary groups use these to drill water wells as they can be operated by 1 or 2 people with a minimal skill level. The shorter drill pipe also allows a much smaller mast, which gives a smaller and lighter rig which is cheaper to ship overseas and can fit in a standard 20 foot (6.1 m) shipping container. Portable trailer mounted drilling rigs have drill ratings from 300 to 800 feet (91 to 240 m) depending on mud pump flow and pressure ratings.
Other, heavier, truck rigs are more complicated, thus requiring more skill to run. They're also more difficult to handle safely due to the longer 20 to 30 foot (6.1 to 9.1 m) drill pipe. Large truck rigs also require a much higher over head clearance to operate. Large truck drills can use over 150 US gallons (570 L) or more of fuel per day, while the smaller portable drills use a mere 5 to 20 US gallons (19 to 76 L) of fuel per day. This makes smaller, more portable rigs preferable in remote or hard-to-reach places, and are more cost effective in this new era of high fuel prices.
New portable drillcat technology uses smaller portable trailer mounted rigs with shorter 10 foot (3.0 m) drill pipe. DIY users and missionary groups use these to drill water wells as they can be operated by 1 or 2 people with a minimal skill level. The shorter drill pipe also allows a much smaller mast, which gives a smaller and lighter rig which is cheaper to ship overseas and can fit in a standard 20 foot (6.1 m) shipping container. Portable trailer mounted drilling rigs have drill ratings from 300 to 800 feet (91 to 240 m) depending on mud pump flow and pressure ratings.
Other, heavier, truck rigs are more complicated, thus requiring more skill to run. They're also more difficult to handle safely due to the longer 20 to 30 foot (6.1 to 9.1 m) drill pipe. Large truck rigs also require a much higher over head clearance to operate. Large truck drills can use over 150 US gallons (570 L) or more of fuel per day, while the smaller portable drills use a mere 5 to 20 US gallons (19 to 76 L) of fuel per day. This makes smaller, more portable rigs preferable in remote or hard-to-reach places, and are more cost effective in this new era of high fuel prices.
Petroleum drilling industry
Petroleum drilling industry
Oil and natural gas drilling rigs can be used not only to identify geologic reservoirs but also to create holes that allow the extraction of oil or natural gas from those reservoirs. Primarily in onshore oil and gas fields once a well has been drilled, the drilling rig will be moved off of the well and a service rig (a smaller rig) that is purpose-built for completions will be moved on to the well to get the well on line. [1] This frees up the drilling rig to drill another hole and streamlines the operation as well as allowing for specialization of certain services, i.e., completions vs. drilling.
Drilling rig
Drilling rig
A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes (usually called boreholes) and/or shafts in the ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person.[citation needed] They sample sub-surface mineral deposits, test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs' even if they don't contain a drilling rig). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to penetrate the surface of the Earth's crust.
Drilling rigs can be:
A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes (usually called boreholes) and/or shafts in the ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person.[citation needed] They sample sub-surface mineral deposits, test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs' even if they don't contain a drilling rig). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to penetrate the surface of the Earth's crust.
Drilling rigs can be:
- Small and portable, such as those used in mineral exploration drilling, water wells and environmental investigations.
- Huge, capable of drilling through thousands of meters of the Earth's crust. Large "mud pumps" circulate drilling mud (slurry) through the drill bit and up the casing annulus, for cooling and removing the "cuttings" while a well is drilled. Hoists in the rig can lift hundreds of tons of pipe. Other equipment can force acid or sand into reservoirs to facilitate extraction of the oil or natural gas; and in remote locations there can be permanent living accommodation and catering for crews (which may be more than a hundred). Marine rigs may operate many hundreds of miles or kilometres distant from the supply base with infrequent crew rotation.
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